Saturday, 28 October 2017

Robinson Crusoe - novel by Daniel Defoe

                       Robinson Crusoe                                  
Introduction : Robinson Crusoe is a novel                            by Daniel Defoe. It was published on 25th April 1719. The novel is based on the life and story of the Scotsman Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721).He went to sea on the galleon Cinque Ports in 1703 under the pirate William Dampier.                                      
                 The protagonist of the novel is Crusoe himself. During whole novel he stays in the center. The main thing about this novel is he starts voyages on the sea. During his voyage he suffers from so many things . First thing is he was already refused by his father to sail on Sea World. One time his ship got attacked by pirates. During his voyage unfortunately he suffers from bad weather. This all things considered as a good obstacles because further he will suffer more than this. 
                During the voyage he sales a boy Xury. Finally he reaches on the island where he finds human but they are like a beast but on the island he finds an interesting character calls Friday. By the understanding they both are able to communicate. Here Crusoe tries to rule on him and also makes him slave. He repents for this thing and prays to God. After recovering the ship he leaves that island and he rescued by the English sailors. 

Individualism in the novel : Individualism                                   is also the main theme of the novel. Self -preservation and self-help is the key of Crusoe 's character. Ian Watt's argument that Crusoe epitomises economic individualism. 
                   Though he is alone on the island for twenty -eight years, he is able to keep his sanity because he simply uses the opportunity to do what he desires and wants. He learns to battle the elements, to hunt and defend. We can say he civilises himself as best suits the island. 
                      Crusoe conquers his fears, resigns himself to being alone, starts acquiring,  a comprehensive knowledge of the island, then develops the house and space around him. 
                  Defoe uses Georgia term for make that island hospitable. Crusoe learns to fight. 

Conclusion : Thus we can conclude this                          novel by saying that it is full of adventure with moral lessons and also there is satires on the colonizers of that time. Because colonialism we can see in the novel. Master slave relationship also there in the novel. Defoe himself experienced this all things that is why he becomes success in the style and form of this novel. It talks about travels and trade also. Religion also present in the novel. 
          So overall it is a very good novel. 
         
                                               Thank you.... 
                                        

Tuesday, 17 October 2017

The Tragic play - Doctor Faustus

                            Doctor Faustus 


Introduction : The full title of the play is                               "The Tragicall History of the Life and Death of  Doctor Faustus. It was written by Christopher Marlowe in early 1590s. It was first published in 1604 (Book -A) and 1616 (Book -B). The setting of the play is Europe, specially Germany and Italy.  

Protagonist : Doctor Faustus 

Major Conflict :Faustus sells his soul to                               Lucifer in exchange for 24 years of immense power, but the desire to repent begins to plague him as the fear of hell grows in him.  

Rising action : Faustus 's study of Dark                             Magic -Necromancy and his initial conversation with Mephistophilis. 

Climax : Faustus's sealing of the pact that                        promises his soul to Lucifer. 

Falling action : Faustus's traveling of the                               world and performing of magic for various rulers. 

Themes : Sin, redemption, damnation ; the         conflict between medieval and Renaissance values; absolute power and corruption; the divideness of human nature. 

Motifs : Magic and the supernatural;                            practical jokes. 

Symbols : Blood; Faustus's rejection of the                     ancient authorities; the good angel and the evil angel.

Conclusion : In the end of the play Dr.                                  Faustus's time comes to it's end and evil angel comes and takes him into the hell. But we can say that there was Renaissance spirit in him who challenges God by his knowledge, but it was a hubris or some other evil forces led him into the tragic end. 

  • By the screening of the play it became very useful in understanding .
                      Thinking Activity 

1- The Play directed by Mathew Dunster for globe theatre ends with this scene (see the image of Lucifer) what does it signify?          
             Lucifer with wide wings 

It's signify that how devil rules over good things  or we can say that devil wins and God fails. During the whole play we sees if we compare the both angels every time evil wins that shows the power of that force or we can say the weakness of a human. 

2- Is God present in the play? If yes, where and how? If no, why? 

Yes, God present in the play. When a old man comes and tells Faustus that still you have time to repent and remember God. So we can interpret that old man as a God or messenger of God. 

 Old Man : o, stay, good Faustus, stay thy desperate steps! I see an angel hover O'er thy head, And, with a vial full of precious grace, Offers to pour the same into thy soul :Then call for mercy, and avoid despair. 

3- what reading and interpretation can be given to this image (see the image of Daedalus and Icarus) with reference to central theme of the play Dr. Faustus ?

The image of Daedalus and Icarus suggests that do not try to cross the limit. We knows that Daedalus makes wings from wax so he tells his son Icarus that do not go near to the sun because wax will start melting if you will go near to the sun and you will fall. But Icarus just takes it lightly and somehow he starts feeling high or better than them so that is the time he falls into the water and drowned. 
The same thing happened with the Doctor Faustus who suffers from hubris and that thing led him into the hell. 

                                                Thank you.......