Assignment
Name : Dabhi Vipul C
Semester : 2
Roll no : 35
Enrollment no : 2069108420180009
Email : dabhivc04@gmail.com
Paper : 5 The Romantic Literature
Topic : What are the reasons behind the publishing work anonymously? And which are the famous works?
Batch : 2017-2019
Submitted : To Department of English MKBU
Introduction :
The question arises in our mind is that why some of the writer had published their works anonymously. There were so many reasons behind the publishing work anonymously. The reason which we found is that the situations of that time which lead writer to publish their works anonymously. Most of the writer were women who had published their work anonymously. It means at that time for women there was not any place in writing or expressing their feelings through the literature. If your works is based on some critical condition then writer feels fear to publish their works with original name. Because as a result of it, writer can be lose their family members. Sometimes family members will be stand against you.
Anonymous is more than a pseudonym. It is a stark declaration of intent: a wall explicitly thrown up, not only between writer and reader, but between the writer’s work and his life. His book is one thing and his “real” life another, and the latter is entirely off limits, not only to you, the reader, but presumably to almost everybody. Sometimes he has written about something too intimate, too scary, too real, for him to bear public scrutiny. Once the connection is known, what he has written will mark his ordinary life ineradicably.
What is the benefits of it...
There were some famous writers who had published their work anonymously and received very good success.
such as the Brontë sisters (Ellis, Acton, and Currer Bell), Cecil Day-Lewis (Nicholas Blake), Jane Austen (A Lady) and Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), who all decided for one reason or another to mask their true identity. Voltaire is thought to have used at least 178 pen names during his lifetime. But what is the difference between writing anonymously and taking a nom de plume, you might ask? Using a consistent pseudonym allows readers to group together your body of work. Publishing your work anonymously means that the reader has no context at all about the author, other than what is within the pages of that particular text.
If you have a name that is too similar to another writer’s, or if your birth name is Angelina Jolie, for example, you may wish to use a pseudonym to ensure there are no mix-ups and to create your own unique brand. Sometimes authors choose a name that is easier to pronounce or spell, or just sounds better than their own. American romance novelist Julie Woodcock (Angela Knight) writes under her nom de plume because her actual name is suggestive within the context of her genre.
Writers living under an oppressive regime may feel they have no choice but to hide their true identity if they intend to be critical. For example, Chinese writer, human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner, Liu Xiaobo, who has been imprisoned for dissident activities and whose writing is banned and considered subversive by the Chinese Communist Party, published many of his works abroad, and chose to take the pseudonym Lao Xiao when publishing in mainland China. Another example is the pen name Ibn Warraq, which has been adopted by various dissident writers critical of Islam.
History has been littered with examples of female authors taking male pseudonyms such as Mary Ann Evans (George Eliot), Nelle Harper Lee (Harper Lee) and Louisa May Alcott (A. M. Barnard), who opted for male pen names to ensure their work would be taken seriously.
Some authors want to branch out into other genres without jeopardising their reputations. Take J.K. Rowling (Robert Galbraith), for example, who decided to use a a pen name for her 2013 work ’The Cuckoo’s Calling’, when she was branching into the crime genre. On her website, she writes that she wanted to ‘go back to the beginning of a writing career in this new genre, to work without hype or expectation.’ In fact, Rowling chose to use her initials rather than full name for her Harry Potter novels because her publisher insisted that they would be more appealing to young boys if it was not evident that she was a female writer. Last year it was revealed that Russian crime author, Grigory Chkhartishvili (Boris Akunin), had taken additional pseudonyms, including the female one Anna Borisova, as he did not want to be confined to the crime genre. He even photoshopped an author photo of his female pen name by mixing his own picture with that of his wife’s.
If you have been tempted to write about workplace scenarios you may fall foul of your colleagues or employment contract if you divulge secrets. Remaining anonymous can be a better route but does not necessarily protect you from legal proceedings. Take David John Moore Cornwell (John Le Carré), for example, who began his work as a spy novelist while he himself was an MI6 agent. Or The London Paper’s City Boy column, which ran under a cloak of mystery for two years from 2006 until the author was unmasked as Geraint Anderson.
Series fiction, such as the Nancy Drew series, is sometimes published under one pen name although a collective of writers have ghost-written the books.
Sometimes, like for Stephen King (Richard Bachman), using a pseudonym is a way for writers to find out whether their work is successful on its own merit or because of their fame.
Some Indian authors used to publish works using a pseudonym or under the name of a deity because they believed it to be egotistical to publish under their own name. To this day, many early works by Indian writers are untraceable because of this practice.
And then there’s authors who choose anonymity or a pen name because it gives them the freedom they need to write without worrying about what friends, family or the world will think of their work. Perhaps they want to be free to recycle family history or let their characters be violent, deviants, or whoever they need to be for the story, without any raised eyebrows or backlash.
Female writers who had published their works anonymously
1: Louisa May Alcott: Prominent 19th century writer Louisa May Alcott began her career under the male pen name A. M. Barnard. While her most famous work, Little Women, was published under her real name, she gained considerable notoriety as Barnard in the mid 1860s.
2 :Alice Bradley Sheldon: It was not known publicly that James Tiptree was the pen name of American author Alice Bradley Sheldon until ten years before her death. Sheldon adopted the male pseudonym to gain better recognition in the male dominated literary genre of science fiction and to distance herself from her past writings. Tiptree proved to be a hit within the genre of science fiction, winning several awards for her novels and short stories.
3 : Charlotte Bronte: As the author of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte is one of the most celebrated female novelists in all of history. Many, however, do not realize that this quintessential English novel was originally written under a male pen name. Charlotte Bronte published her works under the name Currer Bell. This name represented the male identity necessary to succeed during the time in which Bronte was actively writing. Charlotte Bronte wished to separate herself from the negative association female writers had at the time.
4 : Emily Bronte: Publishing under the male pen name Ellis Bell, Emily Bronte is most widely known for her only novel Wuthering Heights. She and her two sisters chose to write under masculine pseudonyms to deter any bias on the basis of their gender. Emily Bronte’s health (like her sisters’) was poor throughout most of her life. She died at the young age of 30 in the year 1948.
5 : Joanne Rowling: As author of the outrageously popular series Harry Potter, J. K. Rowling gained widespread popularity in a span of only a few years. Known almost solely as J. K. Rowling to the public, Rowling’s full name is Joanne Rowling (with no middle name). Rowling wrote the first installment of the Harry Potter phenomenon and submitted the work to her publishers under the name "Joanne Rowling". Her publishers urged her to use only initials for the publication with fear that the target audience of young boys would not read something written by a woman. The "K" as the second initial of Rowling’s pen name is completely fabricated. It is impossible to say whether Harry Potter would have achieved the immense fame that it has if written under Rowling’s true name — but we certainly think it would have.
Early anonymous classical works ...
Cantar de Mio Cid
Beowulf
Dresden Codex
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The Second Shepherds' Play
"Enchiriadis" texts
Scolica enchiriadis
Musica enchiriadis
The Battle of Maldon
Diaries of Court Ladies of Old Japan
Gesta Hungarorum
The Secret History of the Mongols
St. Erkenwald
Corpus Hermeticum
Poetic Edda
The Lady of Escalot
One Thousand and One Nights
Jane Austen's works which published anonymously
Jane Austen, born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, England, was one of the eight children born to George Austen and Cassandra. She completed 6 novels in her lifetime, 4 of which were published before her death. All of her works were published anonymously until her death.
1. SENSE AND SENSIBILITY:
This is the first published novel, written by Austen. It appeared in the year 1811, under the pseudonym "A Lady". It is a story that revolves around the Dashwood sisters, Elinor and Mariann. It portrays their experiences of love, romance and heartbreak.
2. PRIDE AND PREJUDICE:
This book is the most popular work of the legendary novelist and has seen several film adaptations and musical adaptations. Though the book was first published in the year 1813, the first version of the book, entitled 'First Impressions' was penned down between 1796 and 97.
There's more to the book than merely the first line, " It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife". And of course, there's Mr Darcy.
3. MANSFIELD PARK:
Similar to other Jane Austen stories, this novel too, is a story about a young woman trying to find her place in the social order. The novel ends with a marriage, providing a hint at the uncertainty of knowledge about the life after marriage.
4. EMMA:
Emma Woodhouse, the protagonist of the novel, is one of the favorite characters among readers. The book can satisfy a wide gentry of readers as it is partly romance, partly comedy, partly drama, and partly detective. Jane began writing this novel in the year 1814, however, completed it in 1815. This became Austen's fourth published novel and the last one before her death. The first edition of the book, consisting of 2,000 copies, did not sell well, thereby leading to a delay in the second edition, that took place in the year 1833.
5. PERSUASION:
Surprisingly, this novel was published posthumously. The story features a heroine who is often unappreciated and to some degree, exploited by those around her; a handsome prince who appears on the scene but seems more interested in the "more obvious" charms of others; a moment of realisation; and the final happy ending. Different people would have a different perception; some would consider it as being based on the theory of 'karma', while some would consider it to have provided the second chance to a lover.
6. NORTHANGER ABBEY:
Northanger Abbey was Jane Austen's sixth and final published novel. It appeared after her death in the year 1817. The book is a satire on the gothic themed novels which were popular in that era.
Another example :
In the case of “A Woman in Berlin,” an anonymous woman’s clear-eyed, dispassionate account of having been half-starved and raped multiple times during the occupation of Berlin in 1945 posed a threat to her in about a thousand different ways. In addition to the risk of being branded a “tainted” woman because she had been raped—an issue discussed in detail in the book—it was very dangerous to keep a diary in that precarious time and place (she wrote in a combination of shorthand, longhand, and code). That she was able to describe so many horrors with such calm precision and authority is a testament to her fierce will. She chose to tell it all, despite how much danger she was in. Anyone who read her book would know much more about this brave and wise author than all but her closest friends, colleagues, or acquaintances could possibly know. But when she showed the diary to her boyfriend on his return from the war, as she writes in the memoir, he was horrorstruck. He turned her away; he left her.
The manuscript of “A Woman in Berlin” was placed in the hands of Kurt Marek, a fellow-journalist and friend who saw the book through to its publication in the United States, in 1954. The author shared with him her own rationale for having taken the risk of writing: the expiation of her personal complicity, however passive, however ignorant, in the Nazi atrocities. “None of the victims will be able to wear their suffering like a crown of thorns. I for one am convinced that what happened to me balanced an account.”
There are a lot of different reasons for preferring one’s life to remain separate from one’s work, but it’s not at all clear that such a separation can finally be made. And if it were possible to remain Anonymous, as the author of “A Woman In Berlin” did throughout her lifetime, would one’s “real” life come to seem less so? That is to say, did she feel that she was playing a part, with all those who did not know about her experiences, or about her authorship of this famous book? How heavily did her secrets weigh on her? Would her memories have weighed more, or less, had she never kept a diary?
Conclusion :
No book is dangerous in and of itself. A book is only a collection of words in a certain order, pages, screens, a sequence of ideas. Ideas alone can never hurt us. People only make ideas dangerous by fearing and hating them, and by vilifying and persecuting those who disagree with them. In this way, the association of a writer with his ideas can be very dangerous, even deadly. You stand a reasonably good chance of denying ever having read a book, but it’s a great deal harder to hide from having written one.
Work cited :
http://http://nillunasser.com/2013/10/15/publishing-anonymously-or-taking-a-pen-name/ https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/by-anonymous-can-a-writer-escape-vulnerability https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/jane-austin-books-357618-2016-12-16
Name : Dabhi Vipul C
Semester : 2
Roll no : 35
Enrollment no : 2069108420180009
Email : dabhivc04@gmail.com
Paper : 5 The Romantic Literature
Topic : What are the reasons behind the publishing work anonymously? And which are the famous works?
Batch : 2017-2019
Submitted : To Department of English MKBU
Introduction :
The question arises in our mind is that why some of the writer had published their works anonymously. There were so many reasons behind the publishing work anonymously. The reason which we found is that the situations of that time which lead writer to publish their works anonymously. Most of the writer were women who had published their work anonymously. It means at that time for women there was not any place in writing or expressing their feelings through the literature. If your works is based on some critical condition then writer feels fear to publish their works with original name. Because as a result of it, writer can be lose their family members. Sometimes family members will be stand against you.
Anonymous is more than a pseudonym. It is a stark declaration of intent: a wall explicitly thrown up, not only between writer and reader, but between the writer’s work and his life. His book is one thing and his “real” life another, and the latter is entirely off limits, not only to you, the reader, but presumably to almost everybody. Sometimes he has written about something too intimate, too scary, too real, for him to bear public scrutiny. Once the connection is known, what he has written will mark his ordinary life ineradicably.
What is the benefits of it...
There were some famous writers who had published their work anonymously and received very good success.
such as the Brontë sisters (Ellis, Acton, and Currer Bell), Cecil Day-Lewis (Nicholas Blake), Jane Austen (A Lady) and Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), who all decided for one reason or another to mask their true identity. Voltaire is thought to have used at least 178 pen names during his lifetime. But what is the difference between writing anonymously and taking a nom de plume, you might ask? Using a consistent pseudonym allows readers to group together your body of work. Publishing your work anonymously means that the reader has no context at all about the author, other than what is within the pages of that particular text.
If you have a name that is too similar to another writer’s, or if your birth name is Angelina Jolie, for example, you may wish to use a pseudonym to ensure there are no mix-ups and to create your own unique brand. Sometimes authors choose a name that is easier to pronounce or spell, or just sounds better than their own. American romance novelist Julie Woodcock (Angela Knight) writes under her nom de plume because her actual name is suggestive within the context of her genre.
Writers living under an oppressive regime may feel they have no choice but to hide their true identity if they intend to be critical. For example, Chinese writer, human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner, Liu Xiaobo, who has been imprisoned for dissident activities and whose writing is banned and considered subversive by the Chinese Communist Party, published many of his works abroad, and chose to take the pseudonym Lao Xiao when publishing in mainland China. Another example is the pen name Ibn Warraq, which has been adopted by various dissident writers critical of Islam.
History has been littered with examples of female authors taking male pseudonyms such as Mary Ann Evans (George Eliot), Nelle Harper Lee (Harper Lee) and Louisa May Alcott (A. M. Barnard), who opted for male pen names to ensure their work would be taken seriously.
Some authors want to branch out into other genres without jeopardising their reputations. Take J.K. Rowling (Robert Galbraith), for example, who decided to use a a pen name for her 2013 work ’The Cuckoo’s Calling’, when she was branching into the crime genre. On her website, she writes that she wanted to ‘go back to the beginning of a writing career in this new genre, to work without hype or expectation.’ In fact, Rowling chose to use her initials rather than full name for her Harry Potter novels because her publisher insisted that they would be more appealing to young boys if it was not evident that she was a female writer. Last year it was revealed that Russian crime author, Grigory Chkhartishvili (Boris Akunin), had taken additional pseudonyms, including the female one Anna Borisova, as he did not want to be confined to the crime genre. He even photoshopped an author photo of his female pen name by mixing his own picture with that of his wife’s.
If you have been tempted to write about workplace scenarios you may fall foul of your colleagues or employment contract if you divulge secrets. Remaining anonymous can be a better route but does not necessarily protect you from legal proceedings. Take David John Moore Cornwell (John Le Carré), for example, who began his work as a spy novelist while he himself was an MI6 agent. Or The London Paper’s City Boy column, which ran under a cloak of mystery for two years from 2006 until the author was unmasked as Geraint Anderson.
Series fiction, such as the Nancy Drew series, is sometimes published under one pen name although a collective of writers have ghost-written the books.
Sometimes, like for Stephen King (Richard Bachman), using a pseudonym is a way for writers to find out whether their work is successful on its own merit or because of their fame.
Some Indian authors used to publish works using a pseudonym or under the name of a deity because they believed it to be egotistical to publish under their own name. To this day, many early works by Indian writers are untraceable because of this practice.
And then there’s authors who choose anonymity or a pen name because it gives them the freedom they need to write without worrying about what friends, family or the world will think of their work. Perhaps they want to be free to recycle family history or let their characters be violent, deviants, or whoever they need to be for the story, without any raised eyebrows or backlash.
Female writers who had published their works anonymously
1: Louisa May Alcott: Prominent 19th century writer Louisa May Alcott began her career under the male pen name A. M. Barnard. While her most famous work, Little Women, was published under her real name, she gained considerable notoriety as Barnard in the mid 1860s.
2 :Alice Bradley Sheldon: It was not known publicly that James Tiptree was the pen name of American author Alice Bradley Sheldon until ten years before her death. Sheldon adopted the male pseudonym to gain better recognition in the male dominated literary genre of science fiction and to distance herself from her past writings. Tiptree proved to be a hit within the genre of science fiction, winning several awards for her novels and short stories.
3 : Charlotte Bronte: As the author of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte is one of the most celebrated female novelists in all of history. Many, however, do not realize that this quintessential English novel was originally written under a male pen name. Charlotte Bronte published her works under the name Currer Bell. This name represented the male identity necessary to succeed during the time in which Bronte was actively writing. Charlotte Bronte wished to separate herself from the negative association female writers had at the time.
4 : Emily Bronte: Publishing under the male pen name Ellis Bell, Emily Bronte is most widely known for her only novel Wuthering Heights. She and her two sisters chose to write under masculine pseudonyms to deter any bias on the basis of their gender. Emily Bronte’s health (like her sisters’) was poor throughout most of her life. She died at the young age of 30 in the year 1948.
5 : Joanne Rowling: As author of the outrageously popular series Harry Potter, J. K. Rowling gained widespread popularity in a span of only a few years. Known almost solely as J. K. Rowling to the public, Rowling’s full name is Joanne Rowling (with no middle name). Rowling wrote the first installment of the Harry Potter phenomenon and submitted the work to her publishers under the name "Joanne Rowling". Her publishers urged her to use only initials for the publication with fear that the target audience of young boys would not read something written by a woman. The "K" as the second initial of Rowling’s pen name is completely fabricated. It is impossible to say whether Harry Potter would have achieved the immense fame that it has if written under Rowling’s true name — but we certainly think it would have.
Early anonymous classical works ...
Cantar de Mio Cid
Beowulf
Dresden Codex
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The Second Shepherds' Play
"Enchiriadis" texts
Scolica enchiriadis
Musica enchiriadis
The Battle of Maldon
Diaries of Court Ladies of Old Japan
Gesta Hungarorum
The Secret History of the Mongols
St. Erkenwald
Corpus Hermeticum
Poetic Edda
The Lady of Escalot
One Thousand and One Nights
Jane Austen's works which published anonymously
Jane Austen, born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, England, was one of the eight children born to George Austen and Cassandra. She completed 6 novels in her lifetime, 4 of which were published before her death. All of her works were published anonymously until her death.
1. SENSE AND SENSIBILITY:
This is the first published novel, written by Austen. It appeared in the year 1811, under the pseudonym "A Lady". It is a story that revolves around the Dashwood sisters, Elinor and Mariann. It portrays their experiences of love, romance and heartbreak.
2. PRIDE AND PREJUDICE:
This book is the most popular work of the legendary novelist and has seen several film adaptations and musical adaptations. Though the book was first published in the year 1813, the first version of the book, entitled 'First Impressions' was penned down between 1796 and 97.
There's more to the book than merely the first line, " It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife". And of course, there's Mr Darcy.
3. MANSFIELD PARK:
Similar to other Jane Austen stories, this novel too, is a story about a young woman trying to find her place in the social order. The novel ends with a marriage, providing a hint at the uncertainty of knowledge about the life after marriage.
4. EMMA:
Emma Woodhouse, the protagonist of the novel, is one of the favorite characters among readers. The book can satisfy a wide gentry of readers as it is partly romance, partly comedy, partly drama, and partly detective. Jane began writing this novel in the year 1814, however, completed it in 1815. This became Austen's fourth published novel and the last one before her death. The first edition of the book, consisting of 2,000 copies, did not sell well, thereby leading to a delay in the second edition, that took place in the year 1833.
5. PERSUASION:
Surprisingly, this novel was published posthumously. The story features a heroine who is often unappreciated and to some degree, exploited by those around her; a handsome prince who appears on the scene but seems more interested in the "more obvious" charms of others; a moment of realisation; and the final happy ending. Different people would have a different perception; some would consider it as being based on the theory of 'karma', while some would consider it to have provided the second chance to a lover.
6. NORTHANGER ABBEY:
Northanger Abbey was Jane Austen's sixth and final published novel. It appeared after her death in the year 1817. The book is a satire on the gothic themed novels which were popular in that era.
Another example :
In the case of “A Woman in Berlin,” an anonymous woman’s clear-eyed, dispassionate account of having been half-starved and raped multiple times during the occupation of Berlin in 1945 posed a threat to her in about a thousand different ways. In addition to the risk of being branded a “tainted” woman because she had been raped—an issue discussed in detail in the book—it was very dangerous to keep a diary in that precarious time and place (she wrote in a combination of shorthand, longhand, and code). That she was able to describe so many horrors with such calm precision and authority is a testament to her fierce will. She chose to tell it all, despite how much danger she was in. Anyone who read her book would know much more about this brave and wise author than all but her closest friends, colleagues, or acquaintances could possibly know. But when she showed the diary to her boyfriend on his return from the war, as she writes in the memoir, he was horrorstruck. He turned her away; he left her.
The manuscript of “A Woman in Berlin” was placed in the hands of Kurt Marek, a fellow-journalist and friend who saw the book through to its publication in the United States, in 1954. The author shared with him her own rationale for having taken the risk of writing: the expiation of her personal complicity, however passive, however ignorant, in the Nazi atrocities. “None of the victims will be able to wear their suffering like a crown of thorns. I for one am convinced that what happened to me balanced an account.”
There are a lot of different reasons for preferring one’s life to remain separate from one’s work, but it’s not at all clear that such a separation can finally be made. And if it were possible to remain Anonymous, as the author of “A Woman In Berlin” did throughout her lifetime, would one’s “real” life come to seem less so? That is to say, did she feel that she was playing a part, with all those who did not know about her experiences, or about her authorship of this famous book? How heavily did her secrets weigh on her? Would her memories have weighed more, or less, had she never kept a diary?
Conclusion :
No book is dangerous in and of itself. A book is only a collection of words in a certain order, pages, screens, a sequence of ideas. Ideas alone can never hurt us. People only make ideas dangerous by fearing and hating them, and by vilifying and persecuting those who disagree with them. In this way, the association of a writer with his ideas can be very dangerous, even deadly. You stand a reasonably good chance of denying ever having read a book, but it’s a great deal harder to hide from having written one.
Work cited :
http://http://nillunasser.com/2013/10/15/publishing-anonymously-or-taking-a-pen-name/ https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/by-anonymous-can-a-writer-escape-vulnerability https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/jane-austin-books-357618-2016-12-16
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