The Middle English Period

 Time Duration: Roughly from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the late 15th century, marked by the introduction of printing.

Other Names: Anglo-Norman period.

Beginning: Initiated by the Norman Conquest, which brought Norman French influence to England.

Historical Background: Characterized by Norman-French rule, the Plantagenet dynasty, the Hundred Years' War, and the Black Death.

Literary Features: Transition from Old English to Middle English, rise of secular literature, development of the chivalric romance, and the emergence of Geoffrey Chaucer as a prominent figure.

Language: Middle English, a blend of Old English and Norman French influences.

Middle English Literature:

- Chivalric Romances: Popular tales of chivalry and courtly love, such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

- Geoffrey Chaucer: Renowned for "The Canterbury Tales," a collection of stories reflecting various aspects of medieval society.

- Moral and Allegorical Literature: Works like "Piers Plowman" by William Langland, exploring moral and allegorical themes.

Religious Literature:

- Mystery and Miracle Plays: Dramatic representations of biblical stories.

- Devotional Literature: Reflecting the growing influence of mysticism and religious fervor.

Language Development: Middle English saw the simplification of grammar, the adoption of French vocabulary, and the standardization of English.

Transition from Old English Traditions: While Christian themes persisted, there was a shift from the heroic and elegiac to more diverse and secular subjects.

The Middle English Period is marked by a rich diversity of literature, reflecting the evolving linguistic and cultural landscape of England during this time.